diff --git a/smssend/smssend.py b/smssend/smssend.py
index 6c0c5e5..ba8816d 100644
--- a/smssend/smssend.py
+++ b/smssend/smssend.py
@@ -78,18 +78,19 @@ class SMSEngine:
 		self.access_key_secret = os.getenv('BAIDU_SMS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET')
 		self.host = os.getenv('BAIDU_SMS_HOST')
 		self.signature_id = os.getenv('BAIDU_SMS_SIGNATURE_ID')
-
-		# 检查必需的环境变量是否都已设置，若缺失则抛出异常
-		required_vars = [self.access_key, self.access_key_secret, self.host, self.signature_id]
-		if not all(required_vars):
-			missing = [name for name, val in zip(
-				['BAIDU_SMS_ACCESS_KEY', 'BAIDU_SMS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET', 'BAIDU_SMS_HOST', 'BAIDU_SMS_SIGNATURE_ID'],
-				required_vars) if val is None]
-			raise EnvironmentError(f"Missing required environment variables: {', '.join(missing)}")
-
-		self.sms_client = self.create_client()
+		self.sms_client = None
 		self.sms_types = {}
 
+		# 缺环境变量不抛异常（否则 load_smssend 中断 → sms_engine 未注册 → dspy 里 NameError）。
+		# 延迟到真正发送时检查，返回明确错误。
+		missing = [name for name, val in zip(
+			['BAIDU_SMS_ACCESS_KEY', 'BAIDU_SMS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET', 'BAIDU_SMS_HOST', 'BAIDU_SMS_SIGNATURE_ID'],
+			[self.access_key, self.access_key_secret, self.host, self.signature_id]) if not val]
+		if missing:
+			error(f'百度短信未配置，缺少环境变量: {", ".join(missing)}（发送短信时会返回错误）')
+			return
+		self.sms_client = self.create_client()
+
 	def create_client(self):
 		baiDuSmsConfig = BceClientConfiguration(
 			credentials=BceCredentials(self.access_key, self.access_key_secret),
@@ -98,6 +99,8 @@ class SMSEngine:
 		return sms.SmsClient(baiDuSmsConfig)
 
 	async def send(self, stype, template_id, phone, params) -> dict:
+		if self.sms_client is None:
+			return {'status': False, 'msg': '百度短信未配置，请设置 BAIDU_SMS_ACCESS_KEY 等环境变量'}
 		try:
 			f = partial(self.sms_client.send_message, signature_id=self.signature_id,
 				template_id=template_id,