diff --git a/pipeline_service/communication.py b/pipeline_service/communication.py
index a48c10c..34597fe 100644
--- a/pipeline_service/communication.py
+++ b/pipeline_service/communication.py
@@ -56,6 +56,11 @@ async def raise_problem(problem_type, question, from_role, from_agentid="",
         question_id
     """
     db, dbname = _get_db()
+    # 归一化 question：QC 决策的 questions 可能是 list（多条意见数组），须 join 成字符串，
+    # 否则 INSERT 报 OperationalError(1241, 'Operand should contain 1 column(s)')，改进意见丢失、
+    # develop 重做时读不到任何退回意见 → 反复产出空交付件。
+    if isinstance(question, (list, tuple)):
+        question = "\n".join(str(x) for x in question)
     async with db.sqlorContext(dbname) as sor:
         hr = first_handler_role or "agent.main_agent"
         ha = first_handler_agentid or ""