diff --git a/pipeline_bidding/bid_analysis_capability.py b/pipeline_bidding/bid_analysis_capability.py
index 5f8077c..c4d8912 100644
--- a/pipeline_bidding/bid_analysis_capability.py
+++ b/pipeline_bidding/bid_analysis_capability.py
@@ -806,7 +806,9 @@ async def list_scoring_items(project_id, section=""):
     try:
         project_id = await resolve_project_id(project_id)
     except ValueError as e:
-        return []
+        # 2026-09-03：静默返回 [] 会让 LLM 误判「无数据」（实测 C-12 绑定阻塞根因），
+        # 改为明确报错，提示补 project_id。
+        return "ERROR: 项目上下文缺失（%s）。请显式传 project_id 后重试。" % e
     db, dbname = get_db()
     async with db.sqlorContext(dbname) as sor:
         sql = ("SELECT id, section, item_no, item_name, max_score, is_veto, "
@@ -828,7 +830,7 @@ async def list_doc_requirements(project_id, req_type=""):
     try:
         project_id = await resolve_project_id(project_id)
     except ValueError as e:
-        return []
+        return "ERROR: 项目上下文缺失（%s）。请显式传 project_id 后重试。" % e
     db, dbname = get_db()
     async with db.sqlorContext(dbname) as sor:
         sql = ("SELECT id, req_type, chapter_no, chapter_title, requirement, page_limit "
@@ -938,3 +940,98 @@ async def create_chapter_outline(project_id, chapters="", who=None, agent_id=Non
                      who=who, agent_id=agent_id, detail="新增 %d 章" % created)
         return True, ("章节骨架已生成：新增 %d 章，已存在跳过 %d 章。"
                       "系统将自动为每个章节派发编写任务。" % (created, skipped))
+
+
+async def patch_chapters(project_id, patches="", who=None, agent_id=None):
+    """按 chapter_no 增量更新已有章节（2026-09-03，根治 create_chapter_outline 只增不改）。
+
+    patches: JSON 数组，每项 {chapter_no, title?, outline?, section?,
+      scoring_item_ids?, scoring_items_by_name?, max_score?}。
+    - scoring_item_ids 直接覆盖（传真实 id 数组）；
+    - scoring_items_by_name: [{item_name, max_score?}] 按名称在 bid_scoring_items
+      反查 id 绑定（item_name 为「商务N｜名称｜出处」格式时按包含匹配）；
+    - 白名单外的章节不动；不存在的 chapter_no 报错列出。
+    """
+    try:
+        project_id = await resolve_project_id(project_id)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        return False, str(e)
+    items = json_loads(patches, []) if isinstance(patches, str) else (patches or [])
+    if not items:
+        return False, "patches 为空：传 JSON 数组 [{chapter_no, ...}]"
+    db, dbname = get_db()
+    async with db.sqlorContext(dbname) as sor:
+        sitems = await sor.sqlExe(
+            "SELECT id, item_name, max_score FROM bid_scoring_items WHERE project_id=${pid}$",
+            {"pid": project_id})
+        await sor.sqlExe("COMMIT", {})
+        sc = rows_to_dicts(sitems)
+
+        def _bind_by_name(names):
+            ids, miss = [], []
+            for n in (names or []):
+                nm = (n.get("item_name") or "").strip() if isinstance(n, dict) else str(n or "").strip()
+                hit = None
+                for s in sc:
+                    sn = s.get("item_name") or ""
+                    if nm and (nm == sn or nm in sn or sn in nm):
+                        hit = s
+                        break
+                if hit:
+                    ids.append(hit["id"])
+                else:
+                    miss.append(nm)
+            return ids, miss
+
+        updated, missing, bound, unbound = [], [], 0, []
+        for it in items:
+            if not isinstance(it, dict):
+                continue
+            cno = str(it.get("chapter_no") or "").strip()
+            if not cno:
+                continue
+            recs = await sor.sqlExe(
+                "SELECT id, scoring_item_ids FROM bid_chapters "
+                "WHERE project_id=${pid}$ AND chapter_no=${cno}$ LIMIT 1",
+                {"pid": project_id, "cno": cno})
+            await sor.sqlExe("COMMIT", {})
+            if not recs:
+                missing.append(cno)
+                continue
+            sets, p = [], {"pid": project_id, "cno": cno}
+            if it.get("title"):
+                sets.append("title=${t}$"); p["t"] = str(it["title"])[:250]
+            if it.get("outline") is not None and it.get("outline") != "":
+                sets.append("outline=${o}$"); p["o"] = str(it["outline"])[:20000]
+            if it.get("section"):
+                sets.append("section=${s}$"); p["s"] = str(it["section"])[:30]
+            ids = list(it.get("scoring_item_ids") or [])
+            if it.get("scoring_items_by_name"):
+                b, m = _bind_by_name(it["scoring_items_by_name"])
+                ids = b
+                bound += len(b)
+                unbound += m
+            if it.get("scoring_item_ids") is not None or it.get("scoring_items_by_name"):
+                sets.append("scoring_item_ids=${si}$")
+                p["si"] = json.dumps(ids, ensure_ascii=False)
+                if it.get("max_score") is not None:
+                    sets.append("max_score=${ms}$"); p["ms"] = to_float(it["max_score"], 0)
+            if not sets:
+                continue
+            sets.append("updated_at=NOW()")
+            sets.append("version=version+1")
+            await sor.sqlExe(
+                "UPDATE bid_chapters SET " + ", ".join(sets) +
+                " WHERE project_id=${pid}$ AND chapter_no=${cno}$", p)
+            updated.append(cno)
+        await sor.sqlExe("COMMIT", {})
+        await record(sor, project_id, "bid_chapters", project_id, "patch_outline",
+                     who=who, agent_id=agent_id,
+                     detail="更新 %d 章：%s" % (len(updated), ",".join(updated)[:200]))
+        msg = "章节增量更新：成功 %d 章（%s），评分项按名绑定 %d 条" % (
+            len(updated), ",".join(updated)[:200], bound)
+        if missing:
+            msg += "；不存在的章节：%s" % ",".join(missing)
+        if unbound:
+            msg += "；按名未绑定的评分项：%s" % ",".join(unbound)[:200]
+        return True, msg
diff --git a/pipeline_bidding/bid_kb_capability.py b/pipeline_bidding/bid_kb_capability.py
index 85706e2..2be4117 100644
--- a/pipeline_bidding/bid_kb_capability.py
+++ b/pipeline_bidding/bid_kb_capability.py
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ async def list_qualifications(project_id, match_status=""):
     try:
         project_id = await resolve_project_id(project_id)
     except ValueError as e:
-        return []
+        return "ERROR: 项目上下文缺失（%s）。请显式传 project_id 后重试。" % e
     db, dbname = get_db()
     async with db.sqlorContext(dbname) as sor:
         sql = ("SELECT id, qual_name, is_mandatory, owner, match_status, kb_doc_id, "
diff --git a/pipeline_bidding/role_tool_schemas.py b/pipeline_bidding/role_tool_schemas.py
index 5260e73..9ffb92b 100644
--- a/pipeline_bidding/role_tool_schemas.py
+++ b/pipeline_bidding/role_tool_schemas.py
@@ -103,6 +103,13 @@ BID_ROLE_TOOL_SCHEMAS = {
         "params": {"project_id": "项目ID(可选,默认当前)", "chapters": "章节JSON数组(可选,默认自动生成)"},
         "required": [],
     },
+    "patch_chapters": {
+        "module": f"{_M}.bid_analysis_capability",
+        "description": "按 chapter_no 增量更新已有章节（改标题/outline/挂载评分项/满分）。create_chapter_outline 只增不改，修正既有骨架必须用它。scoring_items_by_name 按名称反查绑定真实 id",
+        "params": {"project_id": "项目ID(可选,默认当前)",
+                   "patches": "JSON数组[{chapter_no,title?,outline?,section?,scoring_item_ids?,scoring_items_by_name?,max_score?}]"},
+        "required": ["patches"],
+    },
     "list_scoring_items": {
         "module": f"{_M}.bid_analysis_capability",
         "description": "列出评分项与得分规则",