diff --git a/Sources/StreamRecorderKit/FFmpegRecorder.swift b/Sources/StreamRecorderKit/FFmpegRecorder.swift
index 63528ac..58c7c6f 100644
--- a/Sources/StreamRecorderKit/FFmpegRecorder.swift
+++ b/Sources/StreamRecorderKit/FFmpegRecorder.swift
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ public final class FFmpegRecorder: StreamRecorderEngine {
     private var process: Process?
     private var duration: Double = 0
     private var stopRequested = false
+    private var stderrAccumulator = ""
     
     public init() {}
     
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ public final class FFmpegRecorder: StreamRecorderEngine {
         guard !isRecording else { return }
         
         self.duration = duration
+        self.stderrAccumulator = ""
         
         // 查找 ffmpeg
         let ffmpegPath = findFFmpeg()
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ public final class FFmpegRecorder: StreamRecorderEngine {
         
         // 解析 HLS 变体
         let resolvedURL = HLSVariantResolver.resolve(url: url, maxWidth: 1280) ?? url
+        NSLog("[Recorder] ffmpeg input URL: %@", resolvedURL.absoluteString)
         
         // 删除已存在的输出文件
         if FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: outputPath) {
@@ -78,12 +81,13 @@ public final class FFmpegRecorder: StreamRecorderEngine {
             outputPath
         ]
         proc.arguments = args
+        NSLog("[Recorder] ffmpeg args: %@", args.joined(separator: " "))
         
         let stderrPipe = Pipe()
         proc.standardError = stderrPipe
         proc.standardOutput = FileHandle.nullDevice
         
-        // 解析进度
+        // 解析进度 + 收集 stderr
         let progressState = ProgressState()
         stderrPipe.fileHandleForReading.readabilityHandler = { [weak self] handle in
             guard let self = self else { return }
@@ -91,6 +95,7 @@ public final class FFmpegRecorder: StreamRecorderEngine {
             guard !data.isEmpty else { return }
             
             let str = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
+            self.stderrAccumulator += str
             if let timeRange = str.range(of: "time=") {
                 let sub = String(str[timeRange.upperBound...])
                 if let endRange = sub.range(of: " ") ?? sub.range(of: "\n") ?? sub.range(of: "\r") {
@@ -128,7 +133,9 @@ public final class FFmpegRecorder: StreamRecorderEngine {
         isRecording = false
         
         guard proc.terminationStatus == 0 || stopRequested else {
-            throw RecordingError.processFailed(Int(proc.terminationStatus))
+            let lastStderr = String(stderrAccumulator.suffix(2000))
+            NSLog("[Recorder] ffmpeg stderr (last 2000 chars):\n%@", lastStderr)
+            throw RecordingError.processFailed(Int(proc.terminationStatus), lastStderr)
         }
         
         guard FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: outputPath) else {
diff --git a/Sources/StreamRecorderKit/StreamRecorderEngine.swift b/Sources/StreamRecorderKit/StreamRecorderEngine.swift
index 45075fb..d921ffa 100644
--- a/Sources/StreamRecorderKit/StreamRecorderEngine.swift
+++ b/Sources/StreamRecorderKit/StreamRecorderEngine.swift
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ public enum RecordingError: Error, LocalizedError {
     case invalidURL
     case noFFmpeg
     case noMediaTracks
-    case processFailed(Int)
+    case processFailed(Int, String? = nil)
     case outputNotFound
     case unknown(String)
     
@@ -66,7 +66,12 @@ public enum RecordingError: Error, LocalizedError {
         case .invalidURL: return "无效的 URL"
         case .noFFmpeg: return "未找到 ffmpeg，请安装: brew install ffmpeg"
         case .noMediaTracks: return "未找到任何媒体轨道"
-        case .processFailed(let code): return "录制失败 (exit code: \(code))"
+        case .processFailed(let code, let stderr):
+            if let s = stderr, !s.isEmpty {
+                let preview = String(s.prefix(300))
+                return "录制失败 (exit code: \(code)):\n\(preview)"
+            }
+            return "录制失败 (exit code: \(code))"
         case .outputNotFound: return "输出文件不存在"
         case .unknown(let msg): return msg
         }